cultplace at the Velserbroekpolder

During the excavation of a small pond and its surroundings a cult place was uncovered.

This pond was created by a rising water-level in a landscape largely dominated by dunes around the Late Stone Age/Early Bronze Age. Finds indicate that these dunes were sparsely occupied during the Early Bronze Age (2000-1800 BC) as shown by concentrations of charcoal.
Intriguingly, some 20 big beams were laid down in the pond in a linear pattern somewhere between 800 and 500 BC (Early Iron Age). Groups of three or four beams were ordered in such a way a pattern was created best described as two different axes.

In a later period again linear patterns were created, but now branches of the juniper-berry were used. These branches were stripped of their bark, leaves and berries. The branches were fixed to the swampy underground by upright-standing stakes of the juniper-berry. The axes could reach a length up to 45 meters.
Additionally, two other, contemporary but differently orientated, axis were uncovered.

The drying of the swamp made it possible to the occupants to create a linear burrow. It consisted of two parallel trenches with a depth of about one meter and a length of 103 meters. The soil out of these trenches was used to raise the area between the trenches. This soil was on its turn covered by oak branches and a layer of turf. The north-eastern end was marked by a group of three oak poles. Close to the monument fragments of animal skulls, pottery and metal objects were found.

Even later, the dry area became a pond again, which was became partly filled in with sand by natural processes. Although the old burrow was hidden from view, a new monument was created on more or less the same location during the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period (250 BC – 70 AD). This monument had a similar orientation as the previous one. It consisted of two sandy walls set 1.5 meters apart and covered by turf and grass. The area between the walls was filled with white clean sand. The walls themselves were renovated several times. This sandy body winded through the landscape over a length of 120 meters.
Various metal objects (bronze buttons, bronze belt claps and fibulae) were found near the south-eastern end. These fins seem to mark the border with the actual pond.

Closely related to these monuments and pond around the Late Iron Age and third century AD appears to be a waterway in this swampy environment as suggested by the finds (offerings ?) found in it. It is not clear whether it represents a natural phenomena or that it was man made. It had a northwest-southeast orientation. The finds thrown into it include metal objects, spears made of juniper-berry and wooden pins. The location of these finds suggest that they were thrown from the dry area to the north-east of this water.

 

Literature: Archeologische Kroniek Noord-Holland 1993, IPP Amsterdam.
Translation: A. Swets
Archeologische Werkgroep Haarlem, Nieuwe Gracht 3, 2011 NB Haarlem, the Netherlands.

 

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